Human Rights Watch says a major oil project in East Africa will have dire consequences for the environment and local communities.
The French oil company Total and a Chinese state-owned oil firm signed a $10bn (£8bn) deal last year to develop Ugandan oil fields and build a 1,400km (870 mile) pipeline to the Tanzanian port of Tanga.
The New York-based rights group says the project will harm fragile ecosystems.
It says some of the tens of thousands of people being displaced have been poorly treated.
The European parliament has also denounced the project for similar reasons. Total has denied the allegations.
Despite the criticism, President Yoweri Museveni has vowed to go ahead with the project.