Reports from Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, say bursts of gunfire have been heard in the early hours of the morning from an air base in the centre of the city.
A security source said the situation was under control, without giving more details.
The incident comes 10 months after a coup, the second in less than a year in the country which has been battling an Islamist insurgency since 2015.
It also comes nearly a week after the ousting of the elected government in neighbouring Niger by the military.